Pet Insurance pays the veterinary costs if one's pet becomes ill or is injured in an accident. Some policies will also pay out when the pet dies, or if is lost or stolen.

Many pet owners believe pet insurance works like human health insurance. Actually, pet insurance reimburses the pet owner after the owner submits a claim to the insurance company. The claim is paid according to the terms of the policy purchased by the pet owner.

UK Policies usually pay 100% of vets fees. Policies in the USA usually offer to pay 80-90% ^[4] of the costs minus a deductible depending on the company and the specific policy. The owner will usually pay the amount due to the Vet, and then send in the claim form and receive reimbursement, which some companies and policies limit according to their own schedule of necessary and usual charges. In the event of a very high bill, some veterinarians will allow the owner to put off payment until the insurance claim is processed. Some insurers pay veterinarians directly on behalf of customers. Most U.S. policies require the pet owner to submit a request for fees incurred. (Note How do I file a claim)^[5]

Traditionally, most pet insurance plans did not pay for preventative care (such as vaccinations) or elective procedures (such as neutering). Recently however, some companies in the UK and US are offering routine care coverage, or some times called comprehensive coverage.

In addition, companies often limit coverage for pre-existing medical conditions, thus giving owners an incentive to insure even very young animals who are not expected to incur high veterinary costs while they are still healthy.

Some insurers offer options not directly related to pet health, including covering boarding costs for animals whose owners are hospitalized, or costs (such as rewards or posters) associated with retrieving lost animals. Some policies also include travel cancellation coverage if owners must remain with pets who need urgent treatment or are dying.

Source

Insurance is some thing for risk management mainly used for managing risk and for contingent loss.Now comming to the point insurance rate is the thing used to get the amont called as premium amount that should be charged for actually applying for insurance.
Now there are certain rules that share characteristics to apply for insurance.

ONE:A LARGE NUMBER OF HOMOGENEOUS EXPOSURE UNITS:
This is for individual members of very large classes like automobiles insurance and is covers lot for countries like united states and london and many more.

TWO:DEFINITE LOSS:
This means that there should be loss that is subjected to insurance,and it should follow the properties of insurance.these types include death of a individual under sertain conditions not all deaths are allowed like susides and all.

THREE:ACCEDENTAL LOSS:
The accidental loss in which the clame should fortuitous , or it should be off your control to clame the insurance this should also cover the loss that is caused and alsoneed to adjust the things and supply the capital needed to cover the costs.and the costs depend on the types of loss that is going to occur

FOUR:LARGE LOSS:As you can see from the heading itself this insurance relies to those who are or may be expecting major losses.hear insurance premium needs to needs to cover the expected cause of losses and supply the capital needed for the insurance.

FIVE: AFFORDABLE PREMIUM:
This comes into existance when the likeleness of an event that is insured is so high or the cost of the event is huge then the relative premium is also huge.It is not likely that any one will buy insurance.

SIX:CALCULATBLE LOSS:There are few elements that are or can be estimated by one that must be at least estimable,if cannot be foramlly calulable the propability of loss and the attendant cost.This can be estimated by any body.Hear a proof of loss associated with the clame presented under the policy.

SEVEN:LIMITED RISK OF CATASTROPHICICALLY LARGE LOSSES:
hear in this case risk level is oftedn aggregate and the same type of loss can happen to many individuals in the field and the ability of the insurers becomes constrained,not by the factors surrounding the individuals,but the factors holding the sum of the polacy holders.
now comming to the types of insurance.
TYPES OF INSURANCE:

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Travel insurance is insurance that is intended to cover medical expenses, financial and other losses incurred while traveling, either within one's own country, or internationally.

Travel insurance can usually be arranged at the time of booking of a trip to cover exactly the duration of that trip or a more extensive, continuous insurance can be purchased from (most often) travel insurance companies, travel agents or directly from travel suppliers such as cruiselines or tour operators. However, travel insurance purchased from travel suppliers tends to be less inclusive than insurance offered by insurance companies.

Travel insurance often offers coverage for a variety of travelers. Student travel, business travel, leisure travel, adventure travel, cruise travel, and international travel are all various options that can be insured.

The most common risks that are covered by travel insurance are:

Medical expenses
Emergency evacuation/repatriation
Overseas funeral expenses
Accidental death, injury or disablement benefit
Cancellation
Curtailment
Delayed departure
Loss, theft or damage to personal possessions and money (including travel documents)
Delayed baggage (and emergency replacement of essential items)
Legal assistance
Personal liability and rental car damage excess
Some travel policies will also provide cover for additional costs, although these vary widely between providers.

And in addition, often separate insurance can be purchased for specific costs such as:

pre-existing medical conditions (e.g. asthma, diabetes)
high risk sports (e.g. skiing, scuba-diving)
travel to high risk countries (e.g. due to war or natural disasters or acts of terrorism)
Common Exclusions:

pre-existing medical conditions
war or terrorism - but some plans may cover this risk
pregnancy related expenses
injury or illness caused by alcohol or drug use
Travel insurance can also provide helpful services, often 24 hours a day, 7 days a week that can include concierge services and emergency travel assistance.

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Self insurance is a risk management method whereby an eligible risk is retained, but a calculated amount of money is set aside to compensate for the potential future loss. The amount is calculated using actuarial and insurance information and the law of large numbers so that the amount set aside (similar to an insurance premium) is enough to cover the future uncertain loss. Self insurance is similar to insurance in concept, but involves either the payment of a self-insurance premium to a captive insurance company, cell captive or rent-a-captive insurer, or making an on-balance sheet provision and not paying a premium to an insurer at all.

Self insurance is possible for any insurable risk, meaning a risk that is predictable and measurable enough in the aggregate to be able to estimate the amount that needs to be set aside to pay for future uncertain probable losses. For a risk to be insurable, it must represent a future, uncertain event over which the insured has no control. Other characteristics which assist in making a risk self-insurable include the ability to price or rate the risk. If the insurable event is one in a large number of similar risks, the aggregate risk can be estimated according to the law of large numbers and the probability of that event occurring in the future can be quantified. Normally, catastrophic risks are not self-insured as they are highly unpredictable and high in loss-value. Catastrophic risks are normally underwritten by the re-insurance or wholesale insurance market. Any risk where the potential loss is so large that no one could afford to pay the market premium required to provide cover would not be commercially insurable. An example is that earthquakes cannot be fully insured against because an earthquake can cause more damage than any insurer or the combined insurance market is willing to risk in total assets. However, captives and self-insurance programmes are often designed to provide for a part of a risk that would be catastrophic to the business concerned, or catastrophic risks that are often commercially uninsurable, such as tobacco litigation liability risks.

Full or exclusive self-insurance is rare, as a combination of self-insurance and commercial insurance usually provides the best cover for the self-insured. Usually the predictable losses of the risk are retained and self-insured, forming a first or "working" layer of cover, and a stop-loss or stop-gap policy is purchased from the commercial insurance market. The commercial insurance market then pays for losses above the specified self-insurance limit per loss, thereby stopping the cost of losses to the self-insured above the retained values. Effectively the losses paid for by the insured before the stop-loss policy pays becomes the deductible layer. Depending on the level at which risks are stopped, commercial insurance cover should become less and less expensive the further away the commercial insurer moves from the working layer of paying claims each year.

A popular and cost-effective form of self-insurance can be found in various types of employee benefits insurance offered by corporations with many thousands of employees. Employee benefits self-insurance programmes are often underwritten by captive insurance companies formed, owned and managed by corporations in both on-shore and off-shore captive domiciles. The reason for this is that hundreds of thousands of employees constitute a large enough risk pool for the corporation to be able to predict and price the risk of losses from benefits offered to employees. In this way, corporations are able to manage their financial exposure to the self-insurance programme without buying commercial insurance.

The idea of self insurance is that by retaining, calculating risks, and paying the resulting claims or losses from captive or on-balance sheet financial provisions, the overall process is cheaper than buying commercial insurance from a commercial insurance company. Cost savings to the self-insured entity are usually realised through the elimination of the carrying-costs that commercial insurers are obliged to pass on to their insurance consumers.

Another example of this is a self-funded health care plan under which a smaller employer helps finance the health care costs of its employees by contracting with a Third Party Administrator (TPA) to administer many aspects of the plan. The employer may also contract with a reinsurer to pay amounts in excess of a certain threshold, in order to share the risk for potential catastrophic claims experience.

Self insurance is less readily available for individuals because individuals rarely gain sufficient cost-savings on small premiums to justify specialised self-insurance captives, interventions and negotiations with insurers. However, many small businesses are now using self-insurance mechanisms such as cell captives and rent-a-captives with considerable success.

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Functions of reinsurance
There are many reasons why an insurance company would choose to reinsure as part of its responsibility to manage a portfolio of risks for the benefit of its policyholders and investors :


[edit] Risk transfer
The main use of any insurer that might practice reinsurance is to allow the company to assume greater individual risks than its size would otherwise allow, and to protect a company against losses. Reinsurance allows an insurance company to offer higher limits of protection to a policyholder than its own assets would allow. For example, if the principal insurance company can write only $10 million in limits on any given policy, it can reinsure (or cede) the amount of the limits in excess of $10 million.

Reinsurance’s highly refined uses in recent years include applications where reinsurance was used as part of a carefully planned hedge strategy.


[edit] Income smoothing
Reinsurance can help to make an insurance company’s results more predictable by absorbing larger losses and reducing the amount of capital needed to provide coverage.


[edit] Surplus relief
An insurance company's writings are limited by its balance sheet (this test is known as the solvency margin). When that limit is reached, an insurer can either stop writing new business, increase its capital or buy "surplus relief" reinsurance. The latter is usually done on a quota share basis and is an efficient way of not having to turn clients away or raise additional capital.


[edit] Arbitrage
The insurance company may be motivated by arbitrage in purchasing reinsurance coverage at a lower rate than what they charge the insured for the underlying risk.


[edit] Types of reinsurance

[edit] Proportional
Proportional reinsurance (the types of which are quota share & surplus reinsurance) involves one or more reinsurers taking a stated percent share of each policy that an insurer produces ("writes"). This means that the reinsurer will receive that stated percentage of each dollar of premiums and will pay that percentage of each dollar of losses. In addition, the reinsurer will allow a "ceding commission" to the insurer to compensate the insurer for the costs of writing and administering the business (agents' commissions, modeling, paperwork, etc.).

The insurer may seek such coverage for several reasons. First, the insurer may not have sufficient capital to prudently retain all of the exposure that it is capable of producing. For example, it may only be able to offer $1 million in coverage, but by purchasing proportional reinsurance it might double or triple that limit. Premiums and losses are then shared on a pro rata basis. For example, an insurance company might purchase a 50% quota share treaty; in this case they would share half of all premium and losses with the reinsurer. In a 75% quota share, they would share (cede) 3/4 of all premiums and losses.

The other form of proportional reinsurance is surplus share or surplus of line treaty. In this case, a retained “line” is defined as the ceding company's retention - say $100,000. In a 9 line surplus treaty the reinsurer would then accept up to $900,000 (9 lines). So if the insurance company issues a policy for $100,000, they would keep all of the premiums and losses from that policy. If they issue a $200,000 policy, they would give (cede) half of the premiums and losses to the reinsurer (1 line each). The maximum underwriting capacity of the cedant would be $ 1,000,000 in this example. Surplus treaties are also known as variable quota shares.


[edit] Non-proportional
Non-proportional reinsurance only responds if the loss suffered by the insurer exceeds a certain amount, called the retention or priority. An example of this form of reinsurance is where the insurer is prepared to accept a loss of $1 million for any loss which may occur and purchases a layer of reinsurance of $4m in excess of $1 million - if a loss of $3 million occurs the insurer pays the $3 million to the insured, and then recovers $2 million from its reinsurer(s). In this example, the reinsured will retain any loss exceeding $5 million unless they have purchased a further excess layer (second layer) of say $10 million excess of $5 million. The main forms of non-proportional reinsurance are excess of loss and stop loss. Excess of loss reinsurance can have three forms - "Per Risk XL" (Working XL), "Per Occurrence or Per Event XL" (Catastrophe or Cat XL), and "Aggregate XL". In per risk, the cedant’s insurance policy limits are greater than the reinsurance retention. For example, an insurance company might insure commercial property risks with policy limits up to $10 million and then buy per risk reinsurance of $5 million in excess of $5 million. In this case a loss of $6 million on that policy will result in the recovery of $1 million from the reinsurer. In catastrophe excess of loss, the cedant’s per risk retention is usually less than the cat reinsurance retention (this is not important as these contracts usually contain a 2 risk warranty i.e. they are designed to protect the reinsured against catastrophic events that involve more than 1 policy). For example, an insurance company issues homeowner's policies with limits of up to $500,000 and then buys catastrophe reinsurance of $22,000,000 in excess of $3,000,000. In that case, the insurance company would only recover from reinsurers in the event of multiple policy losses in one event (i.e., hurricane, earthquake, flood, etc.). Aggregate XL afford a frequency protection to the reinsured. For instance if the company retains $1m net any one vessel, the cover $10m in the aggregate excess $5m in the aggregate would equate to 10 total losses in excess of 5 total losses (or more partial losses). Aggregate covers can also be linked to the cedant's gross premium income during a 12 month period, with limit and deductible expressed as percentages and amounts. Such covers are then known as "Stop Loss" or annual aggregate XL.

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Insurance companies may be classified as

Life insurance companies, which sell life insurance, annuities and pensions products.
Non-life or general insurance companies, which sell other types of insurance.
General insurance companies can be further divided into these sub categories.

Standard Lines
Excess Lines
In most countries, life and non-life insurers are subject to different regulatory regimes and different tax and accounting rules. The main reason for the distinction between the two types of company is that life, annuity, and pension business is very long-term in nature — coverage for life assurance or a pension can cover risks over many decades. By contrast, non-life insurance cover usually covers a shorter period, such as one year.

In the United States, standard line insurance companies are your "main stream" insurers. These are the companies that typically insure your auto, home or business. They use pattern or "cookie-cutter" policies without variation from one person to the next. They usually have lower premiums than excess lines and can sell directly to individuals. They are regulated by state laws that can restrict the amount they can charge for insurance policies.

Excess line insurance companies (aka Excess and Surplus) typically insure risks not covered by the standard lines market. They are broadly referred as being all insurance placed with non-admitted insurers. Non-admitted insurers are not licensed in the states where the risks are located. These companies have more flexibility and can react faster than standard insurance companies because they don't have the same regulations as standard insurance companies. State laws generally require insurance placed with surplus line agents and brokers to not be available through standard licensed insurers.

Insurance companies are generally classified as either mutual or stock companies. This is more of a traditional distinction as true mutual companies are becoming rare. Mutual companies are owned by the policyholders, while stockholders (who may or may not own policies) own stock insurance companies. Other possible forms for an insurance company include reciprocals, in which policyholders 'reciprocate' in sharing risks, and Lloyds organizations.

Insurance companies are rated by various agencies such as A. M. Best. The ratings include the company's financial strength, which measures its ability to pay claims. It also rates financial instruments issued by the insurance company, such as bonds, notes, and securitization products.

Reinsurance companies are insurance companies that sell policies to other insurance companies, allowing them to reduce their risks and protect themselves from very large losses. The reinsurance market is dominated by a few very large companies, with huge reserves. A reinsurer may also be a direct writer of insurance risks as well.

Captive insurance companies may be defined as limited-purpose insurance companies established with the specific objective of financing risks emanating from their parent group or groups. This definition can sometimes be extended to include some of the risks of the parent company's customers. In short, it is an in-house self-insurance vehicle. Captives may take the form of a "pure" entity (which is a 100 percent subsidiary of the self-insured parent company); of a "mutual" captive (which insures the collective risks of members of an industry); and of an "association" captive (which self-insures individual risks of the members of a professional, commercial or industrial association). Captives represent commercial, economic and tax advantages to their sponsors because of the reductions in costs they help create and for the ease of insurance risk management and the flexibility for cash flows they generate. Additionally, they may provide coverage of risks which is neither available nor offered in the traditional insurance market at reasonable prices.

The types of risk that a captive can underwrite for their parents include property damage, public and products liability, professional indemnity, employee benefits, employers liability, motor and medical aid expenses. The captive's exposure to such risks may be limited by the use of reinsurance.

Captives are becoming an increasingly important component of the risk management and risk financing strategy of their parent. This can be understood against the following background:

heavy and increasing premium costs in almost every line of coverage;
difficulties in insuring certain types of fortuitous risk;
differential coverage standards in various parts of the world;
rating structures which reflect market trends rather than individual loss experience;
insufficient credit for deductibles and/or loss control efforts.
There are also companies known as 'insurance consultants'. Like a mortgage broker, these companies are paid a fee by the customer to shop around for the best insurance policy amongst many companies .

Similar to an insurance consultant, an 'insurance broker' also shops around for the best insurance policy amongst many companies. However, with insurance brokers, the fee is usually paid in the form of commission from the insurer that is selected rather than directly from the client.

Neither insurance consultants nor insurance brokers are insurance companies and no risks are transferred to them in insurance transactions.

Third party administrators are companies that perform underwriting and sometimes claims handling services for insurance companies. These companies often have special expertise that the insurance companies do not have.

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Protected Self-Insurance is an alternative risk financing mechanism in which an organization retains the mathematically calculated cost of risk within the organization and transfers the catastrophic risk with specific and aggregate limits to an Insurer so the maximum total cost of the program is known. A properly designed and underwritten Protected Self-Insurance Program reduces and stabilizes the cost of insurance and provides valuable risk management information.
Retrospectively Rated Insurance is a method of establishing a premium on large commercial accounts. The final premium is based on the insured's actual loss experience during the policy term, sometimes subject to a minimum and maximum premium, with the final premium determined by a formula. Under this plan, the current year's premium is based partially (or wholly) on the current year's losses, although the premium adjustments may take months or years beyond the current year's expiration date. The rating formula is guaranteed in the insurance contract. Formula: retrospective premium = converted loss + basic premium × tax multiplier. Numerous variations of this formula have been developed and are in use.
Fraternal insurance is provided on a cooperative basis by fraternal benefit societies or other social organizations.[9]
Formal self insurance is the deliberate decision to pay for otherwise insurable losses out of one's own money. This can be done on a formal basis by establishing a separate fund into which funds are deposited on a periodic basis, or by simply forgoing the purchase of available insurance and paying out-of-pocket. Self insurance is usually used to pay for high-frequency, low-severity losses. Such losses, if covered by conventional insurance, mean having to pay a premium that includes loadings for the company's general expenses, cost of putting the policy on the books, acquisition expenses, premium taxes, and contingencies. While this is true for all insurance, for small, frequent losses the transaction costs may exceed the benefit of volatility reduction that insurance otherwise affords.
No-fault insurance is a type of insurance policy (typically automobile insurance) where insureds are indemnified by their own insurer regardless of fault in the incident.
Reinsurance is a type of insurance purchased by insurance companies or self-insured employers to protect against unexpected losses. Financial reinsurance is a form of reinsurance that is primary used for capital management rather than to transfer insurance risk.
Stop-loss insurance provides protection against catastrophic or unpredictable losses. It is purchased by organizations who do not want to assume 100% of the liability for losses arising from the plans. Under a stop-loss policy, the insurance company becomes liable for losses that exceed certain limits called deductibles.
Social insurance can be many things to many people in many countries. But a summary of its essence is that it is a collection of insurance coverages (including components of life insurance, disability income insurance, unemployment insurance, health insurance, and others), plus retirement savings, that mandates participation by all citizens. By forcing everyone in society to be a policyholder and pay premiums, it ensures that everyone can become a claimant when or if he/she needs to. Along the way this inevitably becomes related to other concepts such as the justice system and the welfare state. This is a large, complicated topic that engenders tremendous debate, which can be further studied in the following articles (and others):
Depending on the jurisdiction, the insurance premium can be either mandated by the government or determined by the insurance company in accordance to a framework of regulations set by the government. Often, the insurer will have more freedom to set the price on physical damage coverages than on mandatory liability coverages.

When the premium is not mandated by the government, it is usually derived from the calculations of an actuary based on statistical data. The premium can vary depending on many factors that are believed to have an impact on the expected cost of future claims.[4] Those factors can include the car characteristics, the coverage selected (deductible, limit, covered perils), the profile of the driver (age, gender, driving history) and the usage of the car (commute to work or not, predicted annual distance driven).[5][6]


[edit] Gender
Men average more miles driven per year than women do, and have a proportionally higher accident involvement at all ages. Insurance companies cite women's lower accident involvement in keeping the youth surcharge lower for young women drivers than for their male counterparts, but adult rates are generally unisex. Reference to the lower rate for young women as "the women's discount" has caused confusion that was evident in news reports on a recently defeated EC proposal to make it illegal to consider gender in assessing insurance premiums.[7] Ending the discount would have made no difference to most women's premiums.


[edit] Age
Teenage drivers who have no driving record will have higher car insurance premiums. However young drivers are often offered discounts if they undertake further driver training on recognised courses, such as the Pass Plus scheme in the UK. In the U.S. many insurers offer a good grade discount to students with a good academic record and resident student discounts to those who live away from home. Generally insurance premiums tend to become lower at the age of 25. Senior drivers are often eligible for retirement discounts reflecting lower average miles driven by this age group.


[edit] Distance
Some car insurance plans do not differentiate in regard to how much the car is used. However, methods of differentiation would include:


[edit] Reasonable estimation
Several car insurance plans rely on a reasonable estimation of the average annual distance expected to be driven which is provided by the insured. This discount benefits drivers who drive their cars infrequently but has no actuarial value since it is unverified.

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Credit insurance repays some or all of a loan back when certain things happen to the borrower such as unemployment, disability, or death. Mortgage insurance is a form of credit insurance, although the name credit insurance more often is used to refer to policies that cover other kinds of debt.
Mortgage insurance insures the lender against default by the borrower.

Defense Base Act Workers' compensation or DBA Insurance insurance provides coverage for civilian workers hired by the government to perform contracts outside the US and Canada. DBA is required for all US citizens, US residents, US Green Card holders, and all employees or subcontractors hired on overseas government contracts. Depending on the country, Foreign Nationals must also be covered under DBA. This coverage typically includes expenses related to medical treatment and loss of wages, as well as disability and death benefits.
Expatriate insurance provides individuals and organizations operating outside of their home country with protection for automobiles, property, health, liability and business pursuits.
Financial loss insurance protects individuals and companies against various financial risks. For example, a business might purchase cover to protect it from loss of sales if a fire in a factory prevented it from carrying out its business for a time. Insurance might also cover the failure of a creditor to pay money it owes to the insured. This type of insurance is frequently referred to as "business interruption insurance." Fidelity bonds and surety bonds are included in this category, although these products provide a benefit to a third party (the "obligee") in the event the insured party (usually referred to as the "obligor") fails to perform its obligations under a contract with the obligee.
Kidnap and ransom insurance
Locked funds insurance is a little-known hybrid insurance policy jointly issued by governments and banks. It is used to protect public funds from tamper by unauthorized parties. In special cases, a government may authorize its use in protecting semi-private funds which are liable to tamper. The terms of this type of insurance are usually very strict. Therefore it is used only in extreme cases where maximum security of funds is required.
Nuclear incident insurance covers damages resulting from an incident involving radioactive materials and is generally arranged at the national level. (For the United States, see the Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act.)
Pet insurance insures pets against accidents and illnesses - some companies cover routine/wellness care and burial, as well.
Pollution Insurance. A first-party coverage for contamination of insured property either by external or on-site sources. Coverage for liability to third parties arising from contamination of air, water, or land due to the sudden and accidental release of hazardous materials from the insured site. The policy usually covers the costs of cleanup and may include coverage for releases from underground storage tanks. Intentional acts are specifically excluded.
Purchase insurance is aimed at providing protection on the products people purchase. Purchase insurance can cover individual purchase protection, warranties, guarantees, care plans and even mobile phone insurance. Such insurance is normally very limited in the scope of problems that are covered by the policy.
Title insurance provides a guarantee that title to real property is vested in the purchaser and/or mortgagee, free and clear of liens or encumbrances. It is usually issued in conjunction with a search of the public records performed at the time of a real estate transaction.
Travel insurance is an insurance cover taken by those who travel abroad, which covers certain losses such as medical expenses, lost of personal belongings, travel delay, personal liabilities, etc.

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Liability insurance is a very broad superset that covers legal claims against the insured. Many types of insurance include an aspect of liability coverage. For example, a homeowner's insurance policy will normally include liability coverage which protects the insured in the event of a claim brought by someone who slips and falls on the property; automobile insurance also includes an aspect of liability insurance that indemnifies against the harm that a crashing car can cause to others' lives, health, or property. The protection offered by a liability insurance policy is twofold: a legal defense in the event of a lawsuit commenced against the policyholder and indemnification (payment on behalf of the insured) with respect to a settlement or court verdict. Liability policies typically cover only the negligence of the insured, and will not apply to results of willful or intentional acts by the insured.

Environmental liability insurance protects the insured from bodily injury, property damage and cleanup costs as a result of the dispersal, release or escape of pollutants.
Errors and omissions insurance: See "Professional liability insurance" under "Liability insurance".
Professional liability insurance, also called professional indemnity insurance, protects professional practitioners such as architects, lawyers, doctors, and accountants against potential negligence claims made by their patients/clients. Professional liability insurance may take on different names depending on the profession. For example, professional liability insurance in reference to the medical profession may be called malpractice insurance. Notaries public may take out errors and omissions insurance (E&O). Other potential E&O policyholders include, for example, real estate brokers, home inspectors, appraisers, and website developers.
Directors and officers liability insurance protects an organization (usually a corporation) from costs associated with litigation resulting from mistakes incurred by directors and officers for which they are liable. In the industry, it is usually called "D&O" for short.
Prize indemnity insurance protects the insured from giving away a large prize at a specific event. Examples would include offering prizes to contestants who can make a half-court shot at a basketball game, or a hole-in-one at a golf tournament.

Product
Product liability insurance is not a compulsory class of insurance in all countries, but legislation such as the UK. Consumer Protection Act 1987 and the EC Directive on Product Liability (25/7/85) require those manufacturing or supplying goods to carry some form of product liability insurance, usually as part of a combined liability policy. The scale of potential liability is illustrated by cases such as those involving Mercedes-Benz for unstable vehicles and Perrier for benzene contamination, but the full list covers pharmaceuticals and medical devices, asbestos, tobacco, recreational equipment, mechanical and electrical products, chemicals and pesticides, agricultural products and equipment, food contamination, and all other major product classes.

Employers
New policies have been developed to cover any liability that might be imposed on an employer if an employee is injured in the course of his or her employment. In many states, the insurers are prohibited from including conditions within their policies that seek to impose any unreasonable conditions precedent to liability, or require the insured either to take reasonable precautions or to comply with current legislation and regulations. In those countries where such insurance is not compulsory, smaller organizations are often driven into bankruptcy when faced by claims not covered by insurance.

Many of the public and product liability risks are often covered together under a general liability (or "umbrella") policy. These risks may include bodily injury or property damage caused by direct or indirect actions of the insured.

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Property insurance provides protection against risks to property, such as fire, theft or weather damage. This includes specialized forms of insurance such as fire insurance, flood insurance, earthquake insurance, home insurance, inland marine insurance or boiler insurance.

Casualty insurance insures against accidents, not necessarily tied to any specific property.

Automobile insurance, known in the UK as motor insurance, is probably the most common form of insurance and may cover both legal liability claims against the driver and loss of or damage to the insured's vehicle itself. Throughout the United States auto insurance policy is required to legally operate a motor vehicle on public roads. In some jurisdictions, bodily injury compensation for automobile accident victims has been changed to a no-fault system, which reduces or eliminates the ability to sue for compensation but provides automatic eligibility for benefits. Credit card companies insure against damage on rented cars.
Driving School Insurance insurance provides cover for any authorized driver whilst under going tuition, cover also unlike other motor policies provides cover for instructor liability where both the pupil and driving instructor are both equally liable in the event of a claim.
Aviation insurance insures against hull, spares, deductible, hull wear and liability risks.
Boiler insurance (also known as boiler and machinery insurance or equipment breakdown insurance) insures against accidental physical damage to equipment or machinery.
Builder's risk insurance insures against the risk of physical loss or damage to property during construction. Builder's risk insurance is typically written on an "all risk" basis covering damage due to any cause (including the negligence of the insured) not otherwise expressly excluded.
Crime insurance is a form of casualty insurance that covers the policyholder against losses arising from the criminal acts of third parties. For example, a company can obtain crime insurance to cover losses arising from theft or embezzlement.
Crop insurance "Farmers use crop insurance to reduce or manage various risks associated with growing crops. Such risks include crop loss or damage caused by weather, hail, drought, frost damage, insects, or disease, for instance."[8]
Earthquake insurance is a form of property insurance that pays the policyholder in the event of an earthquake that causes damage to the property. Most ordinary homeowners insurance policies do not cover earthquake damage. Most earthquake insurance policies feature a high deductible. Rates depend on location and the probability of an earthquake, as well as the construction of the home.
A fidelity bond is a form of casualty insurance that covers policyholders for losses that they incur as a result of fraudulent acts by specified individuals. It usually insures a business for losses caused by the dishonest acts of its employees.
Fire insurance: See "Property insurance".
Flood insurance protects against property loss due to flooding. Many insurers in the US do not provide flood insurance in some portions of the country. In response to this, the federal government created the National Flood Insurance Program which serves as the insurer of last resort.
Hazard insurance: See "Property insurance".
Home insurance or homeowners insurance: See "Property insurance".
Marine insurance and marine cargo insurance cover the loss or damage of ships at sea or on inland waterways, and of the cargo that may be on them. When the owner of the cargo and the carrier are separate corporations, marine cargo insurance typically compensates the owner of cargo for losses sustained from fire, shipwreck, etc., but excludes losses that can be recovered from the carrier or the carrier's insurance. Many marine insurance underwriters will include "time element" coverage in such policies, which extends the indemnity to cover loss of profit and other business expenses attributable to the delay caused by a covered loss.
Political risk insurance is a form of casualty insurance that can be taken out by businesses with operations in countries in which there is a risk that revolution or other political conditions will result in a loss.
Surety bond insurance is a three party insurance guaranteeing the performance of the principal.
Terrorism insurance provides protection against any loss or damage caused by terrorist activities.
Volcano insurance is an insurance that covers volcano damage in Hawaii.
Windstorm insurance is an insurance covering the damage that can be caused by hurricanes and tropical cyclones.

INSURANCE HOME PAGE
Disability insurance policies provide financial support in the event the policyholder is unable to work because of disabling illness or injury. It provides monthly support to help pay such obligations as mortgages and credit cards.
Total permanent disability insurance insurance provides benefits when a person is permanently disabled and can no longer work in their profession, often taken as an adjunct to life insurance.
Disability overhead insurance allows business owners to cover the overhead expenses of their business while they are unable to work.
Workers' compensation insurance replaces all or part of a worker's wages lost and accompanying medical expense incurred because of a job-related injury.
Workers' compensation (also known by variations of that name, e.g., workman's comp, workmen's comp, worker's comp, compo) offers payments to employees who are (usually temporarily, rarely permanently) unable to work because of a job-related injury. However, workers' compensation is in fact more than just income insurance, because it may pay compensation for economic loss (past and future), reimbursement or payment of medical and like expenses (functioning in this case as a form of health insurance), general damages for pain and suffering, and benefits payable to the dependents of workers killed during employment (functioning in this case as a form of life insurance).

Since one of the top reasons for becoming disabled is getting hurt on the job, it is not surprising that the second-most important form of disability insurance is that provided by employers to cover their employees. There are several subtypes that may or may not be separate parts of the benefits package: workers' compensation and more general (but very basic) disability insurance policies.

In most developed countries, the single most important form of disability insurance is that provided by the national government for all citizens. For example, the UK's version is part of the National Insurance; the U.S.'s version is Social Security (SS)—specifically, several parts of SS including Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). These programs provide a floor beneath all the other piecemeal forms of disability insurance in our societies. In other words, they are the safety net that catches everyone who was either (a) otherwise uninsured or (b) otherwise underinsured. As such, they are very large, very important programs, with a lot of beneficiaries. The general theory of the benefit formula is that the benefit is not large but is enough to prevent abject poverty.

[edit] More general (but very basic) disability insurance
These policies offer payments to employees who are (usually temporarily, rarely permanently) unable to work because of any injury or illness, even if it is not job-related. Unlike workers' compensation, this coverage may not involve any aspect of health insurance, life insurance, or payments for pain and suffering. Similarly to most employer-supplied health insurance, these plans are essentially just open-market plans with the advantage of a negotiated group rate. That is, they are similar to what an individual would buy, but they are purchased with a volume discount. Another general fact about them is that they tend to offer rather basic, low-end coverage, essentially because most people balk at paying for anything more. Sometimes each employee has the option to buy upgraded coverage if they are willing to pay for it.

INSURANCE HOME PAGE
The increasing cost of medical resources and thus resulting in increasing demand for pressure in health and insurance premium makes health insurance most important.now lets know what is health insurance.

Now There are 2 types of of health insurance now now us give you the details of those.

FIRST:fee-for service
In this type the general assumption or the general consideration will be medical professional and they will pay some money for each service provided to the patient.patients are seen the doctors and the claim can be done both by the provider or patient

SECOND:Managed care:
In this section include manage care plan and there are different plans are under existance .there are how ever few organizations for providing this service.

now come important question?
how to choose a plan and the obvious answer would be this .
If some one gives u which plan you should take some thing like choice to purchase your own coverage it is crutial that you understand your health insurance choice and pick the best that suits your needs.thats it thats how you choose the best insurance you need.

power stars jalsa songs have been released and accourding to our survey jalsa mp3 have been released unofficially...
jalsa mp3 songs have been updated on 6-2-08 unofficially
TWO of the jalsa mp3 songs are uploaded to many of the sites
free downloads of jalsa songs can be provided by many web sites now you can download jalsa songs out hear in my blog
the following links will give out the songs
download jalsa songs out hear and enjoy
1:Sari Gama Pada Nisa
2.Gaalo Thelinattunde

Microsoft Chairman and Co-founder Bill Gates is getting ready to take on both Google and Yahoo in the online advertising space. Being the dominant search engines on the market, Google and Yahoo abuse their position by supporting online advertising models that fail to account for the real value of the ad or offer any compensation for click fraud. And of course that Gates has the answer, a new advertising model based on transaction confirmation via customer points.
"Conventional search engines providers usually sell the ad space to the highest bidder based upon a pay-per-click (PPC) scheme and/or set the fee for the ad space according to a click-through-rate (CTR). However, these schemes have proven to be counterproductive for both consumers and advertisers, and ultimately inefficient to the search engine industry as well. These schemes or business models are anti-competitive as evidenced by the extremely high profit margins of the top two search engine providers. However, the market share for these search engine providers continues to increase, establishing an information monopoly," reads a fragment of the patent filed by Bill Gates along with Jain Kamal.
Still, the Microsoft patent co-authored by Bill Gates is just one of the examples associated with the Redmond company's efforts to reinvent the online advertising models in order to gain the edge, and put an end to the drastic Google-Yahoo domination. Microsoft has filed a collection of patents designed to tailor fit the online advertising business to its own vision.
Still one of the major issues with online advertising at this time is fraud, users abusing the pay-per-click and click-through-rate models without finalizing a single transaction. Microsoft proposes a system to verify that a transition did in fact occur. "A mechanism is provided to confirm transactions even without monitoring them e.g., by issuing perishable, non-redeemable points to a merchant based upon an advertising budget. The points can then be issued as redeemable points to a customer, e.g., based upon the customer makes a purchase from the merchant. Points transferred to the customer can verify that a transaction occurred, and can be redeemed for products/services, including a convenient "micro-payment" mechanism," is added in the patent signed by Gates.

Ronaldinho now comming to his goals other than free kicks..
best player in compilation and composure Ronaldinho...
Ronaldinho is the only player currently having best ball control i mean he never looses the ball...
Ronaldinho always composes new tricks in the ground with out any practice..
He takes new combination of tricks and skill moves out of hat in a moment when situation demands...
so now lets go have a look at some of his best tricks and skill moves in the ground..
now lets start Ronaldinho all goals and skill moves.

1:Ronaldinho Goals & Tricks Compilation

2:Ronaldinho TOP 10

3:Ronaldinho Tricks

4:HEAR ARE SOME MORE TRICKS

5:FEW MORE FROM HIS COLLECTION

6:TIME TO SOME SHOW FROM RONALDINHO

7:ONE MAN SHOW FROM RONALDINHO

IT GOES ON TILL I STOP SORRY TO END IT HEAR

Ronaldinho... oh my god is the best player i've ever seen..
The way he takes the free kicks and his compilation makes ronaldinho the best player in this world..
I always wonder how he takes the free kicks...
ronaldinho takes the free kicks like a super natural human i mean he knows exactly what goal keeper is thinking...
he takes the free kicks giving goal keeper no chance to touch the ball..
now lets take a look at all Ronaldinho free kicks...

1:Ronaldinho free kick compilation

2:Ronaldinho Free Kick against Real Madrid

3:Ronaldinho Top 10 Free kicks

you will not know what to do laugh or feel pity for the goal keepers looking at his free kicks this David Beckham's all free kick collection just show you the proof for what im talking about now ..
look at them and enjoy ...
David Beckham is one of the really the best players i've ever seen..
now lets start the show...

2:David Beckham special

Cristiano Ronaldo's all golas collection look at this collection..
ronaldos top goals againist top teams and top clubs in world ..this collection is made by me to unite all the goals of greatest players like ronaldo..
no dought ronaldo is the best player in the world..
have a look at this collection of goals from cristiano ronaldo and enjoy the day..

1:HIS 2006-2007 COLLECTION2:06-07 COLLECTION3:RONALDO'S TOP 10 COLLECTION4:AND NOW 07-08
5:PREMIER LEAGUE GOALS 07-086:HIS BEST 7:C R PASSES KAKA AT 3.40 LOOK AT THIS ONE8:Cristiano Ronaldo - Remember the name 9:FINALLY C RONALDO PLAYER WHO CAN PLAY ALONE (GIFTED)

This collection of cristiano ronaldo free kicksis also having his first ever goal for man u. In this collection i made almost all of his best goals ever look at them and enjoy.RONALDO IS THE BEST.

..HIS TOP 5CRISTIANO RONALDO SHOT COLLECTION to watch his best goals follow this link

Download free java ebook out hear in my blog...
java ebooks for advanced programmers this is book not the older version ...
this java ebook is based on latest version of java...
java 1.5 is the latest version given out by sun microsystems ..
now that you need to have one copy of that advance java ebook ill give you link for that site...
you can get a copy of free java ebook in the following link..
you can download many types of ebooks out hear in this site..
http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/JavaInANutshell5th2005.chm

You can download free eamcet,aieee previous year test papers out hear...
ill provide the links to download eamcet and aiee test papers these papers will help you ...
these also include eamcet 2007 engg paper..
now let me give you the links for FREE EAMCET,AIEEE ONLINE TEST PAPERS.
first section include free aieee question papers
these are the links for them..
http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/AIEEEMathematics_Paper2.pdf
http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/AIEEE-_Mathematics_Paper2_Solutions.pdf
http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/AIEEE_Physics_Chemistry_Paper1_Solut.pdf
http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/AIEEE_SOLVED_PAPER.pdf
http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/AIEEE-Physics_Chemistry_Paper1.pdf
now these papers may help aieee students for the up comming exams..
now hear are the links for eamcet papers..
http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/EAMCET-2007-Eng1.pdf
http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/EAMCET-2007-Eng2.pdf
good luck dudes..

There are lot of sites which will provide free sms services to the individuals...

free sms service can be found in many sites now a days ...

this page will have lot more about this topic...

you need to log in to the site to get the free sms services...

now let me tell you free sms sites that may help you..

hear is a list of free sms site that are on web...

way2sms.com
http://www.krifysms.com/
http://www.sms2india.net/
http://www.smsjunction.com/
http://www.apnasms.com/

These site will have registration and you need to give out your phone number to register for free sms programme..
this free sms programme is mainly for mobile advertisement..
you may get few advertisements on your mobile for taking part free sms sites
so if you are interested you can join them to do free sms online..

Gate is a very important entrance exam for those who need to study m.tech..
so it is very much needed thing during part of preparation..
hear you can Download free gate test papers for IT,CSE,MECH,ECE & EEE..
hear are the links to download them
best of luck to all of you...
download free gate latest test papers from the links..

1. http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/CS.pdf
2. http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/MECH.pdf
3. http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/IT.pdf
4. http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/EEE.pdf
5. http://photoandinsurance.googlepages.com/ECE.pdf
   TIPS FOR GATE

Material Collection
get the relevant books based on the subject
Divide the books and study daily stating with Fundamental and basic concepts
Some books helpful for pre-requisite knowledge on the subject
Some good guide books for GATE
Previous questions papers 2.Keep contact with some expert and GATE experienced persons
Go through Syllabus and Previous questions papers
Start from the first chapter
read at least 5 books, it will widen your knowledge(if necessary consult with the books for pre-requisite knowledge or with some expert)
Note down the probable concepts(definitions, unit, dimension etc.)
Note down necessary theories, formulae etc
Solve problems as maximum as possible(from text books, Guide books etc)
Think about various tricks in solving problems(if necessary, note it)
Go for series of self tests based on this chapter(take other's help to conduct tests)
Continue the self tests until getting a very good score .Solve more and more problems, discover more and more new tricks…
Follow the same procedure for the rest chapters
conduct self tests based on your preparation.

Removing spyware online is very easy task...Now ill tell you how to remove any spyware in your system..1:Now a days you have lot of websites which are looking for those
who want to remove virus online from there system. This is not
because they dont have anti spyware.Any how it is very much prescribed that you need to install an
updated anti spyware to remove virus in your system you can download
antispyware from following sites for free..
http://www.catz.cd/
http://www.rapidshare.com/
Now that you dowloaded an antispyware you can install it and then
remove spyware...TO remove spyware online many companies demand moneyso it is always prescribed to have your own anti spyware..after installing it you need to upgrade the antispyware to get better
results in future..spywares can be sent to you system not only from non trusted sites they can be form the pirated software which you use so prevent using those softwares...try to buy to get better resuls..keep you softwares genune..

Removing virus online is very easy task...
Now ill tell you how to remove any virus in your system..
1:Now a days you have lot of websites which are looking for those who want to remove virus online from there system. This is not because they dont have anti virus.
Any how it is very much prescribed that you need to install an updated anti virus to remove virus in your system you can download antivirus from following sites for free..
http://www.catz.cd/
http://www.rapidshare.com/
Now that you dowloaded an antivirus you can install it and then remove virus...
TO remove virus online many companies demand money
so it is always prescribed to have your own anti virus..
after installing it you need to upgrade the antivirus to get better results in future..

Getting free ebooks online is not that easy task..
As i mentioned it is so easy but it is possible to download free eBOOKS online..
hear are some of the methods to download free ebooks online...
1:you can search for ebooks online on google msn yahoo etc but there are few sites which will give you free ebooks
some of the sites are listed below..
http://www.katz.cd/
or
http://www.katz.ws/
http://www.phazeddl.com/
http://www.rapidshare.com/
these site porvide you most of the ebooks online to download them you need lot of patence .bcz sites like rapidshare gives you time to get next free ebook download...
100 mb free download will be given for the rapidshare.com for others no lime you can download as many as you can...
THATS IT FOR TODAY IN MY BLOG..

Free kicks in fifa 08 is little tougher than fifa 07
you have goal keeper control with you so it is little bit difficult ..
but still while or before hitting the ball don make any changs in player position
power the ball and after powering the ball immediately change the direction in which you ball should swing don leave the direction until the player kicks the ball the ball will go in to the top corner is your powering is good

Fifa 08 provides lot of tactics ..
red green switching is good but try to keep always in green it will give prevent the oppentes to take counter attack...
how ever try to use red when you are 2-0 behind
don switch tactics every time you attack use them when it is very much needed..
IF u go with team like barsa and man u no need to activate red they are all five star players...

Defending is one of the biggest challenges in fifa 08 .
Mainly with players(strickers) "ETO,HENRY,MESSY,ROONEY,TRAVEZ".
Now that your player loose pocession with the ball don try to attack him in mid field take all your defenders to home and then attack..
try to get near the ball with out holding "E" this will increase the players attributes..
try to hold "C" while defending ...
some times holding "C" and standing will get you the ball
pls make a clear note of computer's game in world class defenders don rush up to get the ball from you...

shots in fifa 08 are really fentastic this is like giving correct power and direction..
lets divide these shots in to types..
1)"D" no combinations only "D"
2)"Q+D" hold 'q' while shooting
3)"C+D"hold 'c' while shooting
4)"Z+D"hold 'Z' while shooting
while you are one on one with the keeper and comming stright towards him just press D that is more than enough to keep the ball in the net with good turn of the direction keys..
while you are one on one with the keeper from the right wing or the left wing try "Q+D"OR"C+D" With good amount of power and direction.
while the keeper is making a run to get u
1)try to make lane change and shoot
2)try to chip i.e Z+D
MOST IMPORTANT THING WHILE SHOOTING DON BE UNDER FULL SPRINT

Dribbling In fifa 08 is not suggested try to keep your hand away form pressing "E" (for key board)..
this makes the every thing difficult..
don try to run hard while passing and crossing .
Don try to shoot the ball when the player is under full sprint this will reduce the player "finishing" attribute..
try to cross pass and shoot only when the player is not under full sprint..

passing in fifa 08 is a little tougher than fifa 07 now
let me proceed with some tricks out hear..
while making a pass
1)Try to pass the ball into a player who is not marked by a defender.
I WOULD LIKE TO MENTION A TRICK OUT HEAR SO PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF IT.
If u cleanly observe when your player is having pocession with the ball and while dribbling the player"will shake his head looking for the players who are free i.e players who are not marked"Try to make a pass to the player who your player is looking at..
if u do so there are lot of chances of keeping the ball with u with out loosing it...
2)The same concept applies to cross the ball as well..
cross the ball only after entering the crossing area with a good and sufficent amount of power.. don give more power while crossing ..

Now Many of u might have wondered that fifa 08 is actually a little tougher than fifa 07 but i dont think so because there r lots of tricks involved..
Fifa08 is more realistic than any other game produced by EASPORTS (fifa series).It involves lot of thinking while playing not only making correct judgement is needed but also correct powering and direction while shooting and crossing and passing should be made..
Now hear are few skill moves for u..
#Ronaldinho's flip flap - shift+forward and press left or right twice
#These steps work when u're going to the right direction:Hold both right and shift buttons, and when u're close to the ball leave the right button and press one of these: (keep holding shift)1) Right+Down OR Right+UP2) Up+Down OR Down+Up3) Left+Up+Right OR Left+Down+Right4) Right+Left Right5) Down+Left+Up OR Up+Left+Down**This one (5) works for good dribblers like Ronaldinho, Lionel Messi, Christiano Ronaldo, and it may not work everytime u try it.You can try any combinations of direction buttons and maybe u'll discover a new dribble. When u're going to another direction (left, down, up) all u have to do is to change the direction buttons and match them to the direction u're going to.
#Rebona hold shift and > together, and than as press A (as lob button) and direction at the same time.or keep moving with the ball to a direction say RIGHT.... while on the move release the right key, and then quickly tap right and release again , and then hit the up key and quickly tap the cross button.. (i cant do it all the time on the keyboard, also this was shown in some youtube video and not my discovery)list of players that can rabonaRonaldinihoc.ronaldodecomessiaimarkaka
#Most PC TRICKS:(not all mind u, just the simpler ones)Lane Change:Hold Shift + up then left orHold Shift + up then right (depends on direction u would like to go to)Controller: Up then swing to either left or right (90 degree) on trick stick
Side ways dribble:C and a directionController: R2
The step-over:Shift twice or end keyController: up twice on trick stick
Ball Lift:Shift + Up down upController: up down up on trick stick
Drag back:Shift + down down (may depends on direction)Controller: down down on trick stick
Standing Step Over:Shift + Up Up (may depends on direction)Controller: up up on trick stick
Fake Step Over:Shift + left left or right right (may depend on direction)Controller: left left or right right on trick stick
The standing step over and knock onShift: Left then right or right then left (may depend on direction)Controller: left then right or right then left on trick stick
Drag back and flick:Shift+ down then left or rightController": down then swing to left or right (90 degree) on trick stick
360:Shift + right down left (semi circle on keys)Controller semi circile on trick stick
Finese Shot: Z+DChip Shot: C+Dshot D.... lol
#C. Ronaldo's dash and change ball direction thingy.(actually i dont know the name of the trick)Keyboard - While running, press and hold shift and then quickly tap back and then again quickly tap down or up and release shift.
#on the keyboard, when the "C" key is pressed after shooting, the ball will curl to the RIGHT, and when the "Z" key is pressed, the ball curls to the left. this is not meant for free kicks, but can be done while doing a sprint and shoot tactic. also the key Z or C has to be pressed down..
#just hold the q buttom and press pass man! q+s= 1 2 pass (in default settings)
q+d= chip shot (default settings)q+w= overhead through pass (default settings)q+a= early lod (default settings) where recieving player runs after the ball has been lobbed and attempts to break.
# will explain them by describing the situations from the "new skills" trailer or directly from the game.
Ia)When the player slowly goes backwards with the ball facing the defender, then, when the defender atacks him, he fast changes the direction:
When at 2-5 meters from an opponent player press and hold "C" + backwords, when the defender is very close to you and he tries to attack you, vrey fast release "C" and backwords and (still quick) press shift + left or right.
Ib)I think this one is nicer. Simply fooling the defender (A LOT MORE RISCKY)
When at 3-5 meters from an opponent press and hold "C" + forward+left or forward+right (make him go slow like that for 1 sec or 2) than fast release "C" and the direction and fast press shift + forward+right or forward+left or left or right but be carefull not to head in the opponent :P
II)When a defender is sliding to a striker (or is close to him) and the striker quikly changes the direction of the ball and pushes it 2-3 meters away than he goes for it.
When a defender is 1 meter close and he is acting like is ready to attack you simply press shift and left or right or forward+left or forward+right. But dont do it when u are not to close to a defender or when he is not ready to attack you because then he will get the ball or will chase u very close.
III)A little bit risky trick but when it works is very nice and very very usefull. This one makes the player stop in front of an opponent and then fast get past him.
U have to be in the situation when your running and ure getting close to a deffender. When your 2- 3-4 meters away (depends how fast the player is running) press "C" just for a short moment then fast Shift + the direction u want to go.
By the way, if u didn't know when u execute a free kick (or a penalty i guess) u can change the player by holding "E" (the sprint button i thing) or "W" or "R" : P im not sure, something from there and then press up or down.
To drible there are 3 posibilities. Firts u have to get near a defender than: 1.pres shift and quick left or right or at the same time forward+left or forward+right
2.pres C and backwards wait for the defender to atack u and then when he almost got u fast press shift+left or shift+right
3.(a litle bit difrent) (forget the near the defender thing) when u are 10 meters from the defender, run 'till ure 2-3 meters away from him lets say than quick first press C than shift and forward+right or forward+left "
"Finesse shot: D+Z Tricks: shift + arrow buttons First Touch: shift Q+D: chip shot (near by the keeper) D+C: chip shot (long)

FIFA O8 is EA SPORTS new version of fifa with lots of new tricks skill moves and good and new key combinations.
This page is an just a introduction page to fifa08.Now this is the place where u find lot of tricks in the game.
Now lots proceed with step by step process...